Types And Types Of Diabetes - 927 Words

Gluose and insulin are like a lock and key you need both to open the lock , and both for the lock to be useful. Insulin regulates our metabolism. Glucose needs insulin in order to enter or bodies cells so we can have energy. If there is no insulin the body does not make enough insulin glucose cannot get into our cells to make energy Our blood carries the glucose to all parts of our bodies for us to use as energy. â€Å"Type one and Type two diabetes mellitus are two separate and distinct pathophysiological entities.† Lippincott, 2010 page 286 .There are two main types of Diabetes. The third type is gestational diabetes. The first type is Diabetes type one. â€Å"Type one (formerly known as type one; insulin–dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or†¦show more content†¦Type two diabetes means the body is producing a little bit of insulin. By producing a little insulin type two usually shows up later in adult life. â€Å"Type two (formerly known as type two; non-insulin –dependent diabetes mellitus [ NIDDM]; or adult-onset diabetes.† Lippincott 2012 page 1294 Type two mostly affects the Hispanic, African American communities. And lastly people that lead more stationary lifesytles where activies are minimal. â€Å"Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a relative lack of insulin or resistance to the action of insulin; insulin is usually sufficient to stabilize fat and protein metabolism but not to deal with carbohydrate metabolism.† (Silvestri, Linda Anne, 2013) (pg 562) Type 2 symptoms are obesity, Fatigue, Also Polyphagia, Polydipsia, Polyuria. †In the last two decades, the number of new cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among U.S. adolescents has increased (Fagot-Campagna et al., 2000; SEARCH Study Group, 2006), which may be related to the lack of health-promoting behaviors, such as a balanced diet and adequate physical exercise.† Pediatric Nursing (PEDIATR NURS), 2015 May-Jun; 41 (3): 126-31. Hypoglycemia signs and symptoms would be sweating, cool skin, increased blood pressure and respiration, Also blurred vision. This is caused by two little blood glucose in the body due to dieting, skipping meals etc, having too much

Assistive Technology Device Evaluation - 750 Words

2Introduction Mr. Tim is a 52-years-old, Caucasian male, married, born in LaSalle, IL. He lives in an apartment since April 2013 with his wife and son. His family supports his efforts with everything. His present source of income is SSDI. He drove trucks for thirty years and is interested in becoming a dispatcher for trucking company. He is not going to school at present but would be interested in going to school to become a youth counselor. Medical/Psychological In February 2009 Mr. Tim was diagnosed with Cataract. His vision started getting worse because of high blood pressure and cataract surgery is needed but is not recommended due to his high blood pressure. Without this surgery his vision will continue to decline with complete loss of vision in three to four years. He considers himself as low vision and can see better at night. Mr. Tim has high blood pressure but he is not taking any medication because he does not have any health insurance. He is also developing Parkinson’s and might have limited use of his body in the near future. He informed the evaluator that he has shaking of hands which according to WebMD and National Parkinson Foundation is the first stage of Parkinson’s. There are five states of Parkinson’s and they progress over time. A patient with Parkinson’s become unable to move around independently and may need wheelchair as the disease progress. Skills and Limitations Mr. Tim is skilled in trucking because he drove for thirty years and he wouldShow MoreRelatedAssistive Technology1683 Words   |  7 Pages| Assistive Technology Evaluation | EDU 620 Meeting Individual StudentNeeds With Technology Instructor: Deborah Naughton | | Rhonda Reed | 11/20/2013 | | Assistive Technology Evaluation Assistive technology evaluation must be in an initial or three year reevaluation. In addition, to the assistive technology is that it’s an ongoing process which is driven by a lot of changes in the student needs, but not limited to the participation, access, curriculum, or environmental changesRead MoreHealthcare Educational Resources Paper week 4812 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿1. Identify the assistive technologies available to special needs populations in Illinois? 2. What types of assistive technologies are available? 3. What healthcare educational resources are available to special needs populations? 4. Does Illinois provide a comprehensive database of services and technologies available? 5. How do special needs populations’ access services in Illinois? 6. What additional assistive technology is available that is not currently used in Illinois? What are the challengesRead More†¢Individual Education Program (Iep). Each Child’S Iep Must1564 Words   |  7 PagesFind† activities. - Step 2- Child is evaluated. 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Utilization model is the most common model that is connected to the users’ attitudes, beliefs and also behaviors (Lin, 2012). The model shows that increased utilization leads to the positive performance impacts (Lin, 2012). The task-technology fit is the second model that indicates performance increases when the technology initiated features and support tends to fit the requirements of the tasks (Lin, 2012; Safar, 2008). In most cases, the performanceRead MoreiPad: The New Scalpel and Eyes of the Operating Room736 Words   |  3 Pagessecret that technology is constantly evolving behind the elusive doors of this nation’s operating rooms. In order to provide the best possible care to achieve the most desirable outcomes for increasingly complex medical disparities, physicians are continuously attempting to predict future needs of patients and of course, medical technology. Following the unveiling of Apple’s iPhone and iPad, pioneering physicians at teaching hospitals instituted the use of such mobile assistive devices for the purposeRead More Assistive Technology Essay example2112 Words   |  9 PagesAssistive Technology Abstract: Assistive technology is one way that individuals with learning disabilities have been able to overcome the difficulties with comprehension that they possess. This form of technology comes in many forms, ranging from low to high technology devices. These devices, some as simple as a highlighter, help to organize and keep on track the individual with a learning disability. Assistive technology has many benefits to a student and helps individuals to compensate in

Korean Clothing Shop in Auckland Am Free Essays

Assignment 1 Organisation Background -Korean Cloth Shop- 21201043 Kendrick Oh [TABLE OF CONTENT] Headings Page 1. Introduction 1. 1 Organization Product and Services 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Korean Clothing Shop in Auckland Am or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 Company’s Vision and Mission 1. 3 Market Profile 1. 4 Corporate Objectives 2. Contents 2. 1 Corporate Strategy 2. 2 Marketing Strategy 2. 3 Strategic linkage/relationship between corporate marketing strategies 2. 4 Scope of Marketing Strategy 3. Summary 4. Reference 1. Introduction . 1 Organisation Product and Services Source: http://www. google. co. nz/imghp? hl=entab=ii ‘AM’ was built by CEO Kim in the middle of Elliott Street, Auckland, New Zealand, started to build its reputation since 2003. It is a Korean fashion style cloth shop and Kim named it ‘AM’ because the word literally means ‘identity’. And now it became one of the most popular Korean cloths shop in Auckland city. ‘Am’ mainly sells Korean style fashion cloths in Auckland. However, they started to extent their range of products handling accessories such as bags, hats and shoesrecently. The range of their products is now targeting teenage groups and up to age of 30’smen and women who are interested in wearing fashionable cloths. The ownership belongs to CEO Kim and below theCEO, there is three Chinese staffs composited of one duty manager and 2 staffs who are operating the shop from 10:00am to 7:00pm. ‘Am’ does not have other franchise or partnership in Auckland however; they sell brand clothes and accessories from directly imported from Korea market. ‘Am’ values the quality of product and providing fashionable wearing in Auckland. It pays huge attention to the new fashion trends and trying to get high quality cloths from branding cloth companies with great reputation from Korea. 1. 2 Vision and Mission Vision According to Strategic Management-competitiveness and globalisation, (Hanson, Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2011, page 18) vision is â€Å"A picture of what the firm wants to be and, in broad terms, what it wants to ultimately achieve†. It basically means that when a company has clear and good vision, the company is more likely to focus on achieving its goals. The vision of ‘Am’ is simple which is, To become a leader of fashion trend and introducing Korean fashion in NZ market. † Mission Below the vision, missions specify the business in which the firm intends to compete and the customers it intends to serve (Hanson, Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2011, page 18-19). In other words, they are bundles of objectives to achieve their vision. The Missions of ‘Am’ are; -To bui ld cooperative relationships between the suppliers and the company. – To introduce Korean trends to young groups in NZ market. -To continue to develop markets and extend the company throughout NZ. 1. 3 Market profile According to statistics NZ, Asian ethnic group was New Zealand’s fourth largest major ethnic group after European, Maori, and Other Ethnicity, totalling 354,552 people (9. 2 percent) in 2006. And Two-thirds of people (66. 1 percent or 234,222 people) who identified with one or more Asian ethnic group(s) usually lived in the Auckland Region(Statistics NZ, 2006). As you can see from the chart, there was huge change of number of Korean in NZ. Chinese were always number one group in NZ and both Chinese and Korean know well each other in culture, therefore the main target markets are Chinese and Koreans. lt;Source from Statistics NZ Census 2006; 1. 4 Corporate Objectives According to Jim Riley, Corporate objectives are statements of specific outcomes that the firms want to achieve in relation of business as a whole. (Tutor2u, 2012) The corporate objectives are similar to those missions of ‘Am’. -To increase sales by selling Korean fashion cloths through the Auckland ma rket. – To increase the reputation of ‘Am’ among young international group and become as a representative brand in NZ market. 2. Content 2. 1 Corporate Strategy Corporate strategy is the overall scope and direction of a company to achieve goals. (Business Dictionary, 2013) Stabilize the current position and build higher reputation in Auckland Market Make profit and survive in the market Hire more employees and extend the size of the shop 2003 2005 2007 Become a leading company in fashion industry in Auckland 2009 2. 2 Marketing Strategy Product Am’s products are composited of four main brands; ‘CC Collect’, ‘EnC’, ‘96ny’ and ‘Top girl’ which are famous brand among 20~30 aged woman in Korean market. These brands guarantee high quality and great fashion sense of cloths. For women, ‘Am’ provides -Skirt -Mink Coat -Jackets -Shirt -Shoes -Jeans -Skinny pants -One piece -Accessories (Hats, necklace and etc. ) For Men, -Pants -Jackets -Shoes -Shirts -Belts Distribution The distribution system of ‘Am’ is very distinctive compared to other shops in Auckland. Unlike other shops in Auckland clothing shops, the CEO of ‘Am’ Kim, goes to Korea four times a year to look at the products and visits four brands shops in the market. Whenever Kim visits Korea, he looks around at the trends of fashion air in market and analyzes it by running through the market and chooses his own products to sell with his 20 years of experience. If he finds the products among four brands which he think they have competiveness in market, he orders the products and sends them directly from Korea to Auckland. By the time when Kim comes back from Korea, within 1 or 2 week, products he ordered arrive to his shop and after that, staffs display them and sell the products to customers in the market. Look at the Market in Korea Order the products v Receive the Products Display the Products Sells the Products Choose the products Place ‘Am’ is located at Crown plaza, middle of Elliot Street where most of young generation groups of people visit to shop for clothing accessories in Auckland. Target Market As mentioned above, ‘The Asian ethnic group was New Zealand’s fourth largest major ethnic group after European, Maori, and Other Ethnicity, totaling 354,552 people (9. 2 percent) in 2006. And according to Statistics New Zealand, there was a high proportion of young adults in the Asian ethnic group, with 3 in 10 people (31. 0 percent) aged between 15 and 29 years. Am’ aims young Chinese and Korean men and women who are aged between 18~30 in Auckland. However, if we look at the chart below, most of the main customers who visit ‘Am’ are Chinese by 80% followed by Koreans 15 percent. 2. 3 Strategic Linkage According to statistics NZ Reference http://www. tutor2u. net/business/strategy/objectives. htm How to cite Korean Clothing Shop in Auckland Am, Essay examples

Routledge Handbook Of Sport Communication -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Routledge Handbook Of Sport Communication? Answer: Introduction The paper outlines how the various diversified cultures have impacted on the practice of communication and public relation. The Australia country has been selected in the paper. Australia is a country which is surrounded by the Indian and Pacific oceans. Various critical changes have been shown in the country. The impact of those changes has been discussed in the task. The paper provides a description about the impact of countrys culture such as sports, health, indigenous affairs, entertainment, etc, on public relations and communications. The report talks about the changes that took place in the country over a period of time. There is a description about the country and its culture. Culture of Australia Australia has changed in the few decades. The culture of the country is unique and dynamic, therefore, it helps to build and develop the economy of Australia. Now Australia is largely known for its trends and its way of living (Barbera, 2014). The Country is famous for its western adaptation. The western culture of the country attracts more and more tourists to its place. The country is accounting for its attractive places such as the Great Barrier Reef, Sydney Opera House, a vast interior desert. The changes brought in Australia such as in terms of sports, health, health, indigenous affairs, entertainment, governmental policies and social media management has shown a wide impact on public relations and communications. With the help of attractive culture, the country has been able to make a reciprocal relationship with other countries. The Country has been able to maintain a good image in the world with the help of unique culture (Altman Hinkson, 2010). Impact of sports on public relations and communication Cricket is the national game of Australia. The impact of sports on public relations and communication has been wider. Sports have changed the outlook of the country in the world. In todays era, public relation practice in terms of sports has become the part of sports business. It serves the cricketers more money to play well and a source of entertainment for the public. The communication between large groups of society takes place through such activities. The sports have changed over the past 30 years (L'Etang, McKie, Snow Xifra, 2015). Also, sports have become a way to attract a large number of customers in the country. People like sports and they are always ready to overflow their money. The public relations have grown stronger and organized. Public relation is considered important in the field of sports management as well as in the field of business. Although sports are not much organized as a business, however, it has a wider impact on public relations (Pedersen, 2017). Impact of health on public relations and communication The health has become a supreme characteristic for the country in order to develop trust in the hearts of its citizens. Australia has become much advance of from its past in terms of taking a good care about the health of its citizens. They are putting more efforts in bringing the advancement equipment required during health checkups. Over the past few decades, the public relations with the country has grown so strong because the healthcare which is provided by the country served the community to a large extent. The health-related behaviors have shown positive changes in the people to a great extent. The health facilities have satisfied the public. Health has been a major factor for the people in the world. In todays fast developing world, healthcare has become a major concern for people (Hopwood, Skinner Kitchin, 2012). There are many hospitals developed which give advanced technologies to cure sufferings. Earlier, saving a life was very much difficult in the country because people did not provide solutions to some problems, but in the present people can find the solution for each and every major cause and issue. Therefore, the impact of health on the public relations has shown a great connection between the country and its citizens. Health factor has raised many questions about the facilities provided by the hospitals and doctors still people prefer to spend large amounts of money to get fit and healthy. The changes relating to health has also become a way of earnings by large institutions that provide training for fitness using various equipment and machines like, trade mills. Therefore, health concern now has become very fancy and expensive in the country like Australia (Hansen Cox, 2015). Impact of indigenous affairs on public relations and communication Indigenous affairs refer to the rights of those people who are from a historical background and their culture is often politically dominating than others. These people are considered to be the origins of the history. These people are considered to be the examples of those who are aware of the history and its culture. They know about the practices that are being performed in the past. The affairs of indigenous show a wide change from the point of view of how culture developed from past and what further changes will take place in the future (Altman Kerins, 2012). The indigenous people know the actual happenings of the country so they are asked to share their thoughts among the groups. People also listen to these people with great interest in what they speak is something that is acceptable and highly experienced. There are people who write about their experiences in the books. These books are sold to the best sellers among the citizens. There are people who are very much interested in knowing the past of the country. Therefore the impact of such affairs has grown on the public relations. With the help of indigenous, people come to know about the culture and customs followed by the country in the past (Sullivan, 2011). Impact of entertainment on public relations and communication Entertainment has become a greater source of connecting with people across the country. Earlier the source of entertainment for the citizens of Australia used to be theaters, radios, music and art forms. The transformation of these sources has raised the grounds of Australia. From a long decade, these sources of entertainment have changed with the cinema halls, concerts etc. The music also helps to change the environment of Australia. The unique and attractive music have won the hearts of the public. The impact of entertainment on public relations and communications has formed a new way of living life for the citizens of Australia. These new advanced sources have been proved to timeless and enjoyable. Entertainment has become a major aspect of killing boredom (Singhal Rogers, 2012). It also helps to feel happy every time. Through entertainment, people started gathering in large numbers and they are being more communicative with each others. This entertainment has become an easy sour ce for the people of the country. It has helped them to come out of their busy lifestyle in order to enjoy life. Music also helps to reduce stress and frustration of people. The country serves the people various facilities to enjoy. The past culture has been transformed into the present tourists spot, which also raises the economy of Australia. These different sources of entertainment provide a chance to people to live happily in the country. It also has a larger impact on communication and public relations. In todays competitive world, entertainment is important source and thing for the citizens in the country. The entertainment has become a medium to communicate with public (Moss DeSanto, 2011). Impact of government or not-for-profit on public relations and communication Impact of government can be seen on a large scale in carrying out the public relation and communication. The policies are made by the government in history differ from the policies made by the new government in action. These policies are made keeping in mind the needs, wants and requirements of the public. In a democratic country, it is the right of people to share their knowledge, ideas, thoughts, and opinion with others. This provides a chance to the public to express themselves and question the government (Newsom, Turk Kruckeberg, 2012). The public relation plays a significant and vital role in the government; therefore the decisions taken by the government does not harm the society. The policies made by the government involve the betterment of its citizens. The government asks its people to strictly follow the rules and abide by the laws rather than violating them. The laws and rules made by the government are a way to show dedication towards the country. Also, this creates a re lationship between the public and the government in a healthy manner (Lee, Neeley Stewart, 2011). In todays modern world, the nonprofit organizations have started for the welfare of the society. There has been a large change in the way of treating people. Australia is a democratic country and it serves the rights of people fairly. These organizations have become beneficial for those people who are unable to live their life. These NGOs have shown a way to many people in the country. Earlier the people were asked for slavery and to do some minor work to fulfill their basic needs and requirements but todays world these nongovernmental organizations have started to improve the life of people (Carver, 2011). Impact of media relations or social media management on public relations and communication The impact of media relations and social media management on public relations and communications has engaged the levels of the country. Mass Media are highly used to reach to a larger section of the population. They are a way to convey a message to the society without indulging any physical practice. Through social media, people come to know about the happenings in the country. The impact of media has advanced the lives of the people. It has become easier to keep a track on the happenings that take place in the country. Social media has proved to be a good source for providing information to people. Media has given a chance to develop and build the modern world (Lin Atkin, 2014). Australia has adopted the culture of social management through advertising, casting, reporting, etc. Media is that sector of economy which has helped people to provide various information to people. It has given the country a wide platform to express its opinion and to reach more and more people in the worl d. In todays world, media management has become a wide network for getting daily updates (Razmerita, Kirchner Nabeth, 2014). The idea behind serving the country with such facility is to make the country up to date about each and every change that occurs in the society. Therefore, the impact of media management has served the country with greater knowledge and experience. It has also helped people to develop the understanding. Now it is assumed that social media has become an important source to separate the country from other countries (O'shaughnessy Stadler, 2012). Conclusion On the above-mentioned study, it has been analyzed and concluded that Australia is able to create a new history in the world. The change in the culture of Australia has changed its western form and structure as well. Culture plays a crucial role in each and every country to build an effective and dynamic economy. The impact of sports is widely seen in the field of cricket, impact of health on the public relations has given positive changes, impact of indigenous affairs has made us aware about the people belonging to the origins of history, impact of entertainment has filled the minds of public with joy and happiness, and impact of media relations have made it quite easy to know the day to day updates on public relations and communication. The social media, government, sports, health, entertainment and indigenous affairs play a significant role to maintain effective communication and public relations. It also helps to maintain a unique culture in the country. Now it is recommended tha t every person should understand the culture and language of own country to build and enhance the economy of the country. References Altman, J. C., Kerins, S. (2012). People on country: vital landscapes, Indigenous futures (pp. 1-22). Sydney: Federation Press. Altman, J., Hinkson, M. (2010). Culture crisis: Anthropology and politics in Aboriginal Australia. University of New South Wales Press. Barbera, K. M. (2014). The Oxford handbook of organizational climate and culture. Oxford University Press. Carver, J. (2011). Boards that make a difference: A new design for leadership in nonprofit and public organizations (Vol. 6). John Wiley Sons. Hansen, A., Cox, R. (Eds.). (2015). The Routledge handbook of environment and communication. Routledge. Hopwood, M., Skinner, J., Kitchin, P. (2012). Sport public relations and communication. Routledge. Lee, M., Neeley, G., Stewart, K. (Eds.). (2011). The practice of government public relations. CRC Press. L'Etang, J., McKie, D., Snow, N., Xifra, J. (Eds.). (2015). The Routledge handbook of critical public relations. Routledge. Lin, C. A., Atkin, D. J. (Eds.). (2014). Communication psychology and social change: Theory and implications. Routledge. Moss, D., DeSanto, B. (2011). Public relations: a managerial perspective. Sage. Newsom, D., Turk, J., Kruckeberg, D. (2012). Cengage Advantage Books: This is PR: The Realities of Public Relations. Cengage Learning. O'shaughnessy, M., Stadler, J. (2012). Media and society. Oxford University Press. Pedersen, P. (Ed.). (2017). Routledge handbook of sport communication. Routledge. Razmerita, L., Kirchner, K., Nabeth, T. (2014). Social media in organizations: leveraging personal and collective knowledge processes. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 24(1), 74-93. Singhal, A., Rogers, E. (2012). Entertainment-education: A communication strategy for social change. Routledge. Sullivan, P. (2011). Belonging together: Dealing with the politics of disenchantment in Australian indigenous affairs policy. Aboriginal Studies Press.

Space History Essay Research Paper Exploration to free essay sample

Space History Essay, Research Paper Exploration ; to go in a little-known part for find, as defined by Webster. Since the age of the Greeks, Anglo-Saxons have been interested in infinite geographic expedition. From Copernicus to Gaileo to Newton, infinite has been looked upon with adoring eyes. Space has been regarded clip after clip as the concluding frontier. That was until 1957, with the launch of the Sputnik-1, when the Soviet built orbiter became the first semisynthetic orbiter successfully launched out into outer infinite. In 1958, the United States matched the Soviets with their ain orbiter, Explorer III. After that, it became a free-for-all out into the darkest parts of the concluding frontier. The Ascension into infinite for the United States started off with projectiles, orbiters, and investigations so subsequently moved on to birds and larger ballistic capsules. In 1946, the United States started their ascent towards the celestial spheres with the NRL V-2. The projectile gave the first observations of the Su n # 8217 ; s UV spectrum. We will write a custom essay sample on Space History Essay Research Paper Exploration to or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1949, the NRL V-2 gave the first observations of solar X raies. In 1958, the Explorer III became the US # 8217 ; s first orbiter and it besides discovered Earth # 8217 ; s radiation belt. On August 17th, 1958, the US set its sights upon the Moon with the Pioneer 0 but it exploded in its first phases of Ascension. It was followed subsequently in the twelvemonth by Pioneer 1 and Pioneer 3 both lunar satellites, but once more failure because both individually failed to make atmospheric flight speed. The undermentioned old ages Pioneer 4 and 5 were launched as infinite investigations and are soon still in solar orbit. In 1962, the Aerobee Rocket was launched and observed the first x-ray star. In the 1960 # 8217 ; s, NASA began the Ranger infinite investigation plan. They were NASA # 8217 ; s earliest Moon geographic expedition plan investigations. These ballistic capsules were designed to execute a clang set downing upon the Moon # 8217 ; s surface. They were intended to take images and return scientific data up until the impact of the investigation with the lunar surface. On April 23rd, 1962, the Ranger 4 became the first US lunar impact on the Moon # 8217 ; s surfac e. The Soviets had done it foremost with Luna 2 on September 14th, 1959. The Ranger # 8217 ; s provided scientists with more than 17,000 close up images of the lunar surface and specifically the countries of Mare Tranquillitatis and Ocean Procellarum. ( Johnson ) These images gave us more information about the Moon and its surface in merely a few old ages than all the old efforts put together, though Pioneer 3 and 5 missed the Moon and are in solar orbit. The Mariner infinite plan investigations were designed to wing past and/or orbit planets, specifically Mercury, Venus and Mars. On August 27th, 1962, the US achieved the universe # 8217 ; s first successful interplanetary ballistic capsule when the Mariner 2 was launched. It arrived at Venus at a distance of 34,800 kilometres and scanned its surface with infrared and microwave radiometers. It besides captured informations that showed Venus # 8217 ; surface to be about 425 C. ( Hamilton ) On November 28th, 1964 the Mariner 4 was launched. It gave the first glance of Mars at near scope, going within 9,920 kilometres of Mar # 8217 ; s surface. It besides confirmed Mar # 8217 ; s thin ambiance of C dioxide. ( Cook ) On November 3rd, 1973, Mariner 10 was launched. It was the first double planet mission. It recorded Venus # 8217 ; temperature to be -23 C and produced 10,000 images of Mercury covering 57 % of the planet # 8217 ; s surface. It besides recorded the surface temperatures runing from 187 C on the twenty-four hours side and -183 C on the dark side. ( Hamilton ) Furthermore, it was besides the first investigation to utilize one planet # 8217 ; s gravitation to impel itself towards another planet. On April 30th, 1966, the Surveyor 1 achieved the US # 8217 ; s first soft landing on the lunar surface. The Soviets beat the US with the Luna 9 soft set downing on January 31st. The Surveyor series were remote-controlled ballistic capsules designed to set down on the Moon # 8217 ; s surface. Their aim was to supply information about the lunar surface to see if the terrain was safe, in readying for manned landings. Their legs were # 8220 ; instrumented to return informations on the surface hardness of the Moon. # 8221 ; Additionally, # 8220 ; Surveyor dispelled the fright that Apollo ballistic capsule might drop several pess or more into the lunar dust. # 8221 ; ( Johnson ) Between August 10th, 1966 and August 2nd, 1967, the US launched 5 ballistic capsules from the Lunar Orbiter series. The series was designed to revolve the Moon and take images and cod informations of the Moon # 8217 ; s surface in support of the resulting manned Apollo landings. On May 5th, 1961, Alan B. Shepard, Jr. Become the first American in infinite aboard the Freedom 7. In April the Soviets had the first adult male, Yuri A. Gagarin. On June 3rd, 1965 Edward H. White performed the first American # 8217 ; infinite walk # 8217 ; from the GT IV, a examiner of the Gemini ballistic capsule. With Alexei A. Leonov in March, the Soviets had the first # 8217 ; infinite walk # 8217 ; crushing the US. In a big grade, the success of the Apollo landing missions was due to the lessons, information and information collected from all of these missions. The Ranger and Lunar Orbiter series # 8216 ; robot # 8217 ; ballistic capsules provided close-up, map-like images of the lunar surface. The Surveyor determined â€Å"the chemical, mechanical and bearing belongingss of the surface layers† and provided land degree images of the terrain. ( Hamilton ) The Gemini examiner and Gemini flights were used to develop most of the basic operational cognition needed for the manned Apollo flights. On December 21st, 1968, Apollo 8 was launched and became the first ballistic capsule to travel in # 8220 ; circumlunar orbit. # 8221 ; ( Johnson ) Frank Borman, James A. Lovell, Jr. , and William A. Anders, the Astronauts aboard Apollo 8, were the first work forces to see the # 8216 ; Earth whole # 8217 ; . The Apollo series was designed to set down a adult male on the Moon and return him safely place to Earth. It was accomplished on July 20th, 1969, when Apollo 11 landed on Mare Tranquillitatis. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first work forces to put foremost on the Moon # 8217 ; s surface. The Apollo series ended in December of 1972, and the moorage of an Apollo ballistic capsule with a Soviet Soyuz on July 18th, 1975 which closed out the plan wholly. On December 3rd, 1972, Pioneer 10 passed by Jupiter, giving the first close-up of the great planet. Subsequently in 1986 in became the first semisynthetic object to go forth our solar system. On May 26th, 1973, Skylab SL-2 became the US # 8217 ; s first infinite station. It orbited the Earth at a distance of about 300 stat mis. It was designed and proved that adult male can last in infinite for periods of clip. During 1975, Viking 1 and 2 were launched heading for Mars. They were designed to carry on elaborate scientific research on Mars. Viking 1 landed on Red planets on July 20th, 1976 and Viking 2 landed on September 3rd, 1976. The two Viking trades learned more about Mars in a twosome of months, than all old missions did combined. During the summer of 1977 NASA launched Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 towards Jupiter and the outer parts of the solar system. In 1979 they passed Jupiter and sent back colour Television images of Jupiter and its Moons. Voyager 1 passed Saturn in November of 1980 and Voyager 2 passed Saturn in August of 1981 so passed Uranus in January of 1986. Voyager 2 came onto Neptune in August of 1989 and made the undermentioned finds: it found four rings around it, found six new Moons, a Giant Spot on Neptune itself, and grounds of volcanic type activity on the Moon Triton. They are both now heading for the terminal of the solar system. In April of 1981 the US launched the Space Shuttle Columbia. This was the first ballistic capsule designed specifically for re-use of up to 100 times. During the following 10 old ages, four more infinite birds were built ; Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavour. On January 28th, 1986, the shuttle Challenger exploded 73 seconds after takeoff, killing the 7 individual crew. It was the worst infinite flight catastrophe to day of the month and was viewed by 1000000s of people. The Endeavor missions set a record with three members of the crew staying free of the bird for a sum of 8 hours and 20 proceedingss. The Columbia mission in July of 1994, studied the effects of limited gravitation of orbital flight on stuffs and living things like ; goldfish, killifish, sea urchins, toads, and Nipponese red-bellied triton. ( Johnson ) In the summer of 1996 the mission studied the effects of lightness on people, workss and animate beings. It besides studied the effects of fabrication stuffs in zero gravitation. The Atlantis mission in the summer 1996 marked the hundredth United States human mission into infinite. Dr. Bonnie Dunbar set the US infinite record of 112 yearss in infinite aboard the bird and Russian infinite station Mir. This was subsequently broken by Dr. Shannon W. Lucid. On September 25th, 1992, NASA launched the Mars Observer. It lost communicating one time outside the Earth and is presumed to hold exploded. In December of 1996, the Mars Pathfinder was launched. It landed on the surface of Mars on July 4th, 1997. It contains a radical visible radiation weight automaton adventurer named Sojourner. It weighs 23 lbs and is designed to photo interesting stones, spots of dirt and asses the chemical composing of anything it finds. Scientists believe that they have found grounds that their is or was one time life on Mars. Overall, in my sentiment, infinite geographic expedition has non produced much in utile, mundane information in relation to its enormous budget and measures. It has produced tonss of scientific information, but for all the money being spent on these geographic expeditions, I believe something more utile for all of society should be found or done. Though I do happen it interesting to cognize the temperatures of Venus and Mercury, and that Neptune has more Moons than one time thought, I do non see how it is traveling to assist us here on Earth. The most interesting fact that I found in my research was that toads can throw up, though they seldom do it on Earth. First they throw up the tummy, so it dangles from the its oral cavity. Then it cleans out the tummy with its forearms and eventually sucks it back down. Billions of dollars were spent to larn this, although non straight. But is this type of cognition worth more than seeking to happen a remedy for AIDS here at place?

robots essays

robots essays Robot Design Engineers plan ,design and coordinate the integration of machinery and equipment such as robots, robot controllers ,and programmable controllers into the manufacturing process. They write operating programs and test the ability of the ability of the machines to preform tasks. I am interested in this line of work because I like working with my hands and I like to work with electronics. Robot designing has always been something I really wanted to do. There are not many specialities in this field since it is still new and advancing. Application Engineer,and Robot Design Engineer are two of the specialties known for this field. Design engineers develop and write equipment specifications, select or design end-of-arm tools to meet specifications, and they test the ability of machines and equipment to preform tasks. Design engineers work inside offices and manufacturing areas ,they are also exposed to great stress to meet deadlines and are exposed to violent machines and loud noises. To enjoy a job in this field you should prefer :activities of a mechanical nature, dealing directly with people ,and performing a variety of duties. You must also be able to use calculators, computers, manuals, and software programs. If you are looking for a job in this field you should have experience in : Computer science, Electronics ,Mathematics ,and Physics. You should also have a bachelors degree to enter this field. Entering this field you should expect an average pay between $25,170 and $47,250. The career outlook for this field is average. So if you enjoy working with your hands and working with robots this is the carrear for you. ...

The concepts of health and the role of the NHS in keeping people Essay

The concepts of health and the role of the NHS in keeping people healthy - Essay Example NHS has played a major role in keeping people of UK healthy and continues to do so. In this essay, the role of NHS in the health of people of UK will be discussed with reference to various concepts, determinants and models of health and through a suitable example. Concepts of Health During its creation, the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1948 defined health as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Critics argued the completeness of this definition and in 1986, in the Ottawa Charter for health Promotion, the WHO modified the definition of health and defined it as "a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities." Even this definition has not been accepted completely and thus several models of health have come up in an aim to provide complete definition of health. Examples of models of health ar e the biomedical model, biopsychosocial model and public health model. Biomedical model is a very primitive model of health and is considered as the most traditional model of health and illness. ... According to the biopsychosocial model, illness is caused due to an interplay of a multitude of factors and that most of the times illness results from an interplay of biological factors like pathogens, psychological factors like beliefs and behaviors and social factors like economic status and employment. This model of health was developed by Engel in the 1970s. The psycho aspects of health which this model proposed were cognitions like expectations of health, certain emotions like fear of treatment and important health-related behaviors like consumption of alcohol, smoking, diet and exercise (Curtis, 2000). Emotional turmoil, lack of self-control and negative thinking have been incriminated in the development of disease. The social aspects of health which this model proposed were social drinking, peer group pressure and expectations, social values of health, ethnicity, parental pressure and expectations and social class. The biopsychosocial model of health is basically based on the social cognitive theory (Curtis, 2000). While the Medical model stresses on the treatment of the individual with the problem, the Public Health model emphasizes interventions in target populations (Taylor et al, 1999). There are 3 types of interventions according to this model. 1. Primary prevention: efforts to reduce the incidence of the problem before it occurs in the population. The nurse or any other public health personnel shall visit the families at home for intervention. 2. Secondary prevention: The public health personnel start interfering during the early stages of domestic violence or at just the suspicion of it. 3. Tertiary prevention: The public health personnel get involved once there is definite evidence of

To be Determined Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

To be Determined - Essay Example Their joy therefore reflects their perfect and pure relationship they behold. The two lovers portray the fulfillment one gets in loving the partner. Porphyria is quite in love and even lacks words to express it to the lover. Later on, the lover finds out that she is much deep in love with him, when he says "at last I knew Porphyria worshipped me".{Browning}. In Rossetti's poem, the theme of love and passion has been explored in a unique manner. This is because the image of love and passion has taken two dimensions, such that the author is bringing out Kate's engagement as perfect and standing the test of time. While her cousin's is doomed after what she held precious is lost. She talks of leading a shameless shameful life and not even the neighbors have regard for her. This changes the theme to that of Hate because she rail against the fact that she was lured by wealth and would not have taken her love's hand when she knew that she would treat her like a rag and plaything. This purposefully reveals to us the sufferings one can be faced with when they fail in finding a true love that cares and values them. Rossetti's poem is therefore driving in some important message of love and suffering intertwined together. Such that not all love come to blossom especially if one is lured by wealth and not real love, i.e. if it's bought. Styles brought out In regard to the two poems, the major style explored is imagery. It is clearly brought out in the Browning's in which we are able to visualize the setting of the poem and even the passion shared by the two. The beach because we are told that she withdrew the dripping cloak and shawl. A clear picture is brought out when porphyria's lover gives a vivid description on the way his love blazes up a gloomy grate and warms up the cold lodge. This enough tells us how much she is of value to him. Imagery in Christina's poem is brought out through the woman who has been deserted by the lover. The suffering can be seen in her choice of regretful words. We are also able to see the kind of peaceful and lovely life her cousin Kate is leading with her love which was described as planted in sand yet hers was founded in great love and wealth. Imagery in this poem has also been portrayed through the use of metaphor and simile. She has indirectly compared Kate's love with writ in sand, "You love was writ in sand" {Rosssetti}.meaning that her love was not founded on a strong ground but later survived. She even refers to Kate as 'fret' to mean that she is simply a trouble. This shows how resentful she feels towards her cousin Kate for having succeeded in her relationship. There is also use of similes to directly compare a person or situation, for example. "He wore me like a silken knot" "He changed me like a glove" These two comparisons give us an idea about the value that was accorded to the woman by the lover. In that he manipulated her according to his desires and later on dumped her just like one can throw away a used useless glove. Therefore this style can be said to be laying a lot of emphasis on the theme of hate since the woman does not only hate the lover but also dislikes the cousin for having a good life. Besides, it's

Some academics refute the usefulness of the capital asset priceing Essay

Some academics refute the usefulness of the capital asset priceing model stating that it has a number of empirical problems. critically evaluate this view - Essay Example There are several criticisms on the empirical effectiveness of the CAPM theory viz. the measurement of beta, estimation of market return, difficulties in accessing market portfolio return, reliance on beta as a risk measure, ex ante distribution and ex post population and other unrealistic assumptions underlying the Capital Asset Pricing Model. The model has seriously failed in terms of empirical tests and several studies refute its acceptability as the best asset pricing model. This paper sheds light on the empirical problems and criticisms of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. It evaluates the points put forward by several scholars and discusses the practical applicability of the model. The Capital Asset Pricing Model theory values an asset with respect to its risk (Soufian, 2001). This risk is measured with the help of beta with respect to the overall market risk. Despite its importance and practical usage, some academics point out several problems that are confronted in the empirical testing and application of the CAPM [Fama and French (2004), Michailidis (2006), Ryan (2006), (Soufian, 2001) etc]. Some of the major points of criticism arise out of the measurability of beta, accessibility of the market portfolios, relationship of beta with market returns and the unrealistic assumptions of the model. These criticisms pose several questions on the practical importance of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. The following paragraphs evaluate the various problems regarding the empirical validity of the CAPM. One of the most important factors underlying the Capital Asset Pricing Model is the measurement of beta which is the covariance between an asset’s return and the market return divided by market return’s variance. Hence, estimation of market portfolio return is an integral element of beta measurement. It is however not clear as to what classes of assets to specifically include or not in the portfolio of market

Education For Media Literacy Media Essay

Education For Media Literacy Media Essay Media literacy is an approach to education which provides a framework to analyze, evaluate and access messages in various forms and thereby building an understanding of the role of media in the society as well as self-expressions required for citizens of a democracy. Media literacy is the ability to know and understand how the mass media works. This includes how they are organized, how they produce their meanings and how they use them wisely. A person who is media literate can clearly describe the role of media in their lives. He or she understands the basics of various media and enjoys using them deliberately in a conscious way. He or she has full recognition that protects them from being unnecessarily frightened and therefore has a full control of his or her media experiences. Often, the media is lumped together as a single entity but in reality it is actually many forms of communication like the newspapers, billboards, television, radio, magazines, video games, computer games and videocassettes. Education for media literacy uses the inquiry-based pedagogic, model which encourages the people to ask questions in relation to what they read, hear and watch. Media literacy provides tools which help people analyze messages and offer them opportunities to broaden their experience of media. It assists them develop creative skills in coming up with their own media messages. Critical analysis includes identifying the author, his purpose and point of view, examining the construction techniques and genres, patterns of media presentation and detecting any bias, censorship and propaganda available in the news and public programming. Media literacy explores how structural features like the media ownership and funding model affects the information presented. Media literate people are skillful in creating and producing media messages to facilitate understanding of specific qualities of each medium and at the same time create independent media and participate as active citizens. Media literacy has contributed to an expanded conceptualization of literacy which treats mass media, popular culture and digital media as types of texts that require critical evaluation and analysis. Due to the transformation process of media consumption into an active and a critical process, people have gained a bigger awareness of the potential for manipulation and misrepresentation through public relations techniques and get to know the role of mass media in constructing the views of reality. Sometimes, media literacy is viewed as a channel to address the negative side of mass media, digital media and popular culture which includes gender, media violence and racial stereotypes, concerns about loss of privacy, internet predators, the sexualization of children and cyber bullying. Media literacy provides a type of protection for children and helps them make good decisions in their consumption habits and the patterns of their use. Learning abilities linked to media literacy can be used to create learning and teaching methods for example through mobile phones, internet based learning and interactive whitboard. Media interprets the past and shows us what has made us into being the way we are. Like geography, it defines for us our place in the world. Media literacy also helps us understand the workings of our immediate world and also our places individually in it. The media is also a major source of modern culture and entertainment and also requires us to learn and use the critical thinking skills. Media literacy helps us define how we communicate with others and also helps us to adopt the edge of modern technological innovations. Media literacy also helps us determine much of the cultural diet and weave part of the fabric part of our lives. Media literacy also helps us to understand ourselves as well as misunderstand ourselves and others. It helps us interpret our world, its ideas to us and its values. Media literacy helps us understand how things work, because it has carefully planned constructed and designed products. By helping kids and teens to become media literate, we can help them protecting them against pressures from advertising and several others media forms to drink, use drugs, eat unhealthy foods and have sex. We also help them build good communication skills , put portrayals of others as well as themselves, encourage them to look into multiple interpretations of media messages and also improve their media usage habits like changing the ritualistic viewing behaviors. The goal of media literacy is not bashing or to ridicule the media because it is a dominant force in our culture and therefore should be evaluated fairly and not denigrated. Media literacy is also not a magic wand or a silver bullet to solve all our problems but rather our best defense to resist manipulation and to keep a perspective of the images and messages that are a part of the youth culture and the media. Media literacy is therefore about helping students to become competent and critical in the various media forms so that they are well equipped to control the interpretation of what they observe and hear instead of letting the interpretation to control them. To be media literate is not about memorizing or taking statistics about the media but rather learning to raise the appropriate questions about what is seen, heard or read, in other words it is the ability to think for oneself. Without this ability, an individual cannot have the full dignity to exercise citizenship in a society which is democratic.

Essay --

According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, the discussion of definite and indefinite descriptions has been at the center of heated debates of analytic philosophy for over a century. There have been many compelling arguments and interesting views by many philosophers on this topic and it is hard to yet conclude whose argument is more correct. In this essay, I will first briefly explain Russell’s analysis of definite descriptions, then present both Strawson’s and Donnellan’s views of descriptions in opposition to Russell’s, then I will conclude the essay by showing why I find the analysis of definite descriptions by Donnellan more persuasive than the others’. To put it simply, Russell believes that the statement, ‘the F is G’ has three components: existence (âˆÆ'xFx), uniqueness (∀x∀y((Fx∠§Fy)→y=x)), and predication (∀x(Fx→Gx)). In other words, for a statement, ‘the F is G,’ to be true, there must exist at least one thing which is F, there must exist at most one thing which is F, and whatever is F must be G. To expand on this, a sentence of the form ‘The F is G’ states, ‘There is one and only one F and it is G’ and the difference between ‘The F is G’ and ‘An F is G’ is that the latter is just stating there is a (G) F, whereas the use of the definite article, ‘the,’ emphasizes extra uniqueness. For example, it is true to speak of â€Å"the son of Eric† even when Eric has several sons, but it would be more correct to say â€Å"a son of Eric.† Russell further argues that if there is no unique F, an a ssertion of â€Å"the F is G† is false. Strawson thinks otherwise. Strawson claims that Russell confuses properties of a sentence with properties of a use of that sentence. To explain, while Russell thinks truth-value belongs to sentence meanings... ...rase ‘the F’ to refer to something, thus it does not completely embrace the definite descriptions as actually used in a natural language. For example, when I say, â€Å"the leaves are red,† I am referring to the object, leaves, that I am trying to communicate across, but with Russell’s theory, this may not be the case. Using Strawson’s theory, we must ascertain what object is being identified or referred to and what is being ascribed to it even before we evaluate for truth or falsity. For instance, when I say, â€Å"Smith’s murderer is insane,† and it turns out that Smith was not actually murdered at all, then his theory fails as the description, ‘Smith’s murderer,’ does not apply to anyone. Contrastingly, to me at least, Donnellan’s theory encompasses the weaknesses of the theories by the other two, which is why I believe it is the more persuasive argument over the others’.

Labor Relations Essay

1. Define the term â€Å"collective bargaining† and list and describe four issues that are mandatory components of a collective bargaining agreement. Collective bargaining can be defined as the process of involving representatives from both employers and employees to come to terms and conditions of employment that both parties agree. These agreements are written into legally binding contacts good for one to five years. (Budd, 2009, p. 229) Four issues that are mandatory components of collective bargaining agreement are compensation, personnel policies, employer rights and responsibilities. Compensation would include wages, benefits, vacations, holidays, and profit sharing. Personnel policies refer to layoffs, promotions, and transfer policies. Employer’s rights and responsibilities include but not limited to seniority rights, job standards, management right, just cause, safety standards, and discipline and discharge, (Budd, 2009, p. 13) Employer rights and responsibilit ies is a component of collective bargaining is illustrated in an article by Aaron Kuriloff. According to this article the NFL position is that the; NFL Players Association isn’t bargaining in good faith, using delays to run out the clock on talks before disbanding the union and suing the league under antitrust law for colluding to restrict pay (Kuriloff, 2011 ) The National Football League has asked the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) for clarifications in using antitrust laws to block a lockout and clarifying if the National Football League Players Association is a certified labor union. The National Football League position is that the National Football League Players Association is using delaying tactics and they are threatening a work stoppage. The next a component of collective bargaining I found in an article by Howard Beck of the New York Times deals with compensation. The National Basketball Association is also facing a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) Mr. Becks states, that the Owners are proposing a fundamental overhaul of the N.B.A.’s eco nomic system, including a hard salary cap, shorter contracts and a 38 percent reduction in player salaries (about $800 million (Beck, 2011) The owners want to reduce salaries because 17 out of the 30 franchise teams are losing money at a sum of $300 million a year. While the National Basketball Player’s Association disputes the league’s figures; because Attendance is up, the league is on pace for its highest viewership of all other professional sports. To conclude these  collective bargaining agreements of both the NFL and the NBA can be categorized as being distributive bargaining. Both parties are going either win or lose some concessions to remain a viable and profitable organization. 2. List and discuss three U.S. laws that support collective bargaining, and three examples of employer unfair labor practices. The three laws that support collective bargaining between employers and labor unions are the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935, the Labor-Management Relations Act of 1947, and Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959. The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935, which is also known as the Wagner Act, made it legal to form unions and engage in collective bargaining. The Wagner Act created a labor environment to equalize the bargaining power between the employer and employees as stated by this text the policy of the United States to eliminate the causes of certain substantial obstructions to the free flow of commerce and to mitigate and eliminate these obstructions when they have occurred by encouraging the practice and procedure of collective bargaining (National Labor Relations Board) The main purpose of the Wagner Act was to encourage collective bargaining in the private sector by protecting workers’ rights to join and form labor unions (Budd, 2009 , p. 119) Furthermore, this act also gave more expansive powers to the federal government with the regulating of labor relations; and it banned employers from punishing workers for using their collective bargaining rights. Americans did have the right to join unions and strike, prior to the enactment of this law. Previously, employers had been free to spy on, to question, to discipline, to discharge, to terminate, and to blacklist employees for either joining unions or striking. According to the website Infoplease.com the Taft-Hartley Act amended much of the National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act of 1935, the federal law regulating labor relations of enterprises engaged in interstate commerce, and it nullified parts of the Federal Anti-Injunction (Norris-LaGuardia) Act of 1932. The act established control of labor disputes on a new basis by enlarging the National Labor Relations Board and providing that the union or the employer must, before terminating a collective-bargaining agreement, serve notice on the other party and on a government mediation service. The government was empowered to obtain an 80-day injunction against any strike  that it deemed a peril to national health or safety. (Taft-Hartley Labor Act, 2011) The Labor-Management Relations Act provided the government far more oversight over union activities, including the right of the U.S. president to stop a strike if it was deemed dangerous to national health. The act also stripped unions of their power in several ways, including forbidding unions from contributing to political campaigns and only allowing unions to organize after a majority vote by employees. Although President Truman vetoed the act, it passed easily over his veto, and this act remains the heart of U.S. labor law. The Labor-Man agement Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959. Also called the Landrum-Griffin Act, this law amended the Taft-Hartley Act to protect the rights of union members within their union and imposed new reporting requirements and codes of conduct on unions and employers. This was act created in response to the surge of corruption from various labor union officials who used violence as a way to quail the union opposition from employers and employees. Another process of the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 was to stop labor unions from be infiltrated by communist. Furthermore, former members of the Communist party and former convicts were prevented from holding a union office for a period of five years after resigning their Communist party membership or being released from prison. (infoplease.com, 2011) Three examples of unfair labor practices include; firing a union supporter or someone trying to form a union, Failing to bargain in good faith, threatening to employees with job loss or demotion or physical harm if they support a union and preventing employees from talking about a union or wearing union buttons when it doesn’t interfere with their work duties or customers. The National Labor Relations Board which is an independent federal agency devoted to conducting representation elections and adjudicating unfair labor practices (Budd, 2009 , p. 124) I want to discuss a news article written by Chris Si eroty, who writes for the Las Vegas Review-Journal. Mr. Sieroty details in his article about the labor unrest being experienced in Las Vegas Nevada concerning the allege discrimination against employees based on their national origin. The protesters also urged Station Casinos to support the union’s efforts to establish a new standard when it comes to alleged discrimination against employees based on national origin. (Sieroty, 2011) Therefore, the labor union, the Culinary Local 226  is attempting to unionize nearly 13,000 workers at the 18 hotel-casinos operated by Station Casinos in Southern Nevada. Station Casinos has been charged with using threats, intimidation, surveillance, bribery, discrimination and other illegal activities against employees engaged in lawfully protected union activities. The National Labor Relations Board alleges that for approximately seven months Station Casinos has used this illegal tactic to divide and conquer in union busting strategy by not supporting an anti-discrimination policy. The article I want to discuss is an article by Steven Greenhouse. Mr. Greenhouse writes for the New York Times and his article was about the illegally firing an employee after she criticized her supervisor on her Facebook page. The action falls under unfair labor practices of firing a union supporter or someone trying to form a union. The National Labor Relations Board steps in to clarify the statute that a worker could not be fired because they criticize their employer under the National Labor Relations Act. The National Labor Relations Board states a example of it clarifying statement, That act gives workers a federally protected right to form unions, and it prohibits employers from punishing workers — whether union or nonunion — for discussing working conditions or unionization. The labor board said the company’s Facebook rule was overly broad and improperly limited employees’ rights to discuss working conditions among themselves. In summary if we are g uaranteed freedom of speech, should always trump business’ restrictive policies on speech (Greenhouse, 2010) 3. Describe the process of establishing and decertifying a collective bargaining unit in the workplace. Initiating an Organizing Drive The first step in establishing a union in the workplace is to begin by initiating an organizing drive. There are three possible initiators of an organizing a drive: one or more employees, a union, or an employer (Budd, 2009 , p. 188) Then you must first find out if your co-workers want to form a union by gauging their interest by quietly talking to a few trusted co-workers who you think may be interested in improving the workplace. Create a representative group of co-workers, usually called an Organizing Committee to make sure your efforts to form a union succeed. The Organizing Committee educates fellow workers about the benefits of unionizing and your rights under the law. The Organizing Committee should consist of people from  every department in your workplace and should be representative of all races, genders, and ethnicities. The committee then should gather an employee list, as well as information about your employer.† (How To Organize A Labor Union At Your Workplace, 2010) Building and Documenting Support The second step in establishing a union in the workplace is to begin building and documenting support. You must document a minimum of 30% of your fellow employees who have to shown interest in forming a union at your workplace. This next step is most likely accomplished by the signing of Authorization Cards or simply A Cards by the employee. By virtue of your signature, the A Card signifies that you desire for the union to represent you for the purpose of collective bargaining. However if you garner more than 50% of the workplace showing interest in being represented by a union you may request that the employer recognize your union. Subsequently if the employer refuses to voluntary recognize the labor union, there are alternates to be recognized by the employer available. Alternates to Voluntary Recognition The third step in establishing a union in the workplace is to begin using alternates to voluntary recognition. After the majority of the employees have decided to join the union, your employer will either recognize the union or refuse to recognize it. The alternative for a union to recognize by an employer is by launching a recognition strike. A recognition strike is a strike used by employees to make an employer recognize their labor union. This strike cannot last more than thirty days without the risk of being replaced. The Landrum Griffin Act created alternative to strike for union to be recognized by filing a petition with the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), to hold elections to certify the labor union. The board will then decide who is eligible to vote and they will schedule the election. File Election Petition The next step can be either third or fourth step in establishing a union in the workplace, this step is done by filing a petition with the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), to hold election. You must request the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), which is an impartial government  agency, to hold a secret ballot election. Once it is determined that the bargaining unit is appropriate and that no supervisors or management are included, a date will be set by the NLRB for the election, usually 5 to 7 weeks out. Hold National Labor Relations Board Elections The next step can be either fourth or fifth step in establishing a union in the workplace, this final step is done by workers in favor of the union. The pro-union worker will have to campaign to keep pro-union workers and take steps to win over any workers who are against the union. If the union wins the election, by law the employer must recognize and bargain with the union. The National Labor Relations Board is responsible for setting up polling places, usually on the employer’s property. The National Labor Relations Board is also responsible and supervising the election. By casting a paper ballot into a ballot box is the usual median that employees vote. At the end of the voting period the polls are closed and the ballots are counted right on the spot. The union must win the majority of the votes to be declared the winner. The opposite of a certification election is a decertification election. This type of election is used to determine whether a majority of unionized employ ees no longer wish to be represented by their union (Budd, 2009 , p. 192) To request such an election, at least 30 percent of the employees must file a decertification petition asserting that the currently certified union no longer represents the employees in the bargaining unit before it can be considered by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). To decertify a union, the union representation must have been effect for more than a year and the decertification petition has to be filed during a timeframe of 60 to 90 days before the expiration on the union contract, although healthcare workers are afforded addition time for decertification and that window is 90 to 120 days prior to the expiration of their union contracts. According to Ohio Hospital Association’s information on the decertification process it is regarded as ‘The general rule for unions with a negotiated contract in place is that a decertification petition can only be filed 60 to 90 days prior to the expiration of the contract (or every three years, whichever comes first). For health care employees, this window is 90 to 120 days prior to the expiration of the contract (Ohio Hospital Association) The National Labor Relations Board require that all  decertification is free from managerial influences , and that all signatures on the petition were collect ed during non-work time and off the worksite. After the National Labor Relations Board verifies the signatures on the decertification petition, a decertification election is scheduled in approximately 60 days. The union will be decertified if a majority of the members vote against being represented by the union as it bargaining unit. In an article by Aaron Kuriloff he quotes the NFL’s position that the NFLPA is using decertification as a tactic to get a better labor contract. The NFL said the union’s threat to decertify is a ploy and an unlawful subversion of the collective bargaining process, there being no evidence whatsoever of any (let alone widespread) dissatisfaction with the union by its members (Kuriloff, 2011 ) Free agency was created when the union was decertified after the 1987 strike. The NFL owners just want the NFLPA to bargain in good faith and the NFLPA also want the same with more revenue sharing. 4. Describe the process of administering a collective bargaining agreement (CBA) to include the role and function of an arbitrator. What are the issues, and how are they handled? Through the process of collective bargaining, employers and unions negotiate terms and conditions of employment and put these terms in a written contract, also called collective bargaining agreements. (Budd, 2009 , p. 229) During the process of administering a collective bargaining agreement the employer and union are obligated to meet at reasonable times to negotiate in good faith about mandatory bargaining items. Mandatory bargaining items are wages, hours, vacation time, insurance, safety practices and the terms and conditions of employment. According to the National Labor Relations Act if either party to refuses to bargain collectively with each other, it is considered an unfair labor practice, however parties are not forced to reach an agreement or make any allowances. The collective bargaining process comprises of five core steps: Prepare: This phase involves composition of a negotiation team. The negotiation team should consist of representatives of both the parties with adequate knowledge and skills for negotiation. In this phase both the employer’s representatives and the union examine their own situation in order to develop the issues that they believe will be most important. The first thing to be done is to determine whether there is actually any reason  to negotiate at all. A correct understanding of the main issues to be covered and intimate knowledge of operations, working conditions, production norms and other relevant conditions is required. Discuss: Here, the parties decide the ground rules that will guide the negotiations. A process well begun is half done and this is no less true in case of collective bargaining. An environment of mutual trust and understanding is also created so that the collective bargaining agreement would be reached. Propose: This phase involves the initial opening statements and the possible options that exist to resolve them. In a word, this phase could be described as ‘brainstorming’. The exchange of messages takes place and opinion of both the parties is sought. Bargain: negotiations are easy if a problem solving attitude is adopted. This stage comprises the time when ‘what ifs’ and ‘supposals’ are set forth and the drafting of agreements take place. Settlement: Once the parties are through with the bargaining process, a consensual agreement is reached upon wherein both the parties agree to a common decision regarding the problem or the issue. This stage is described as consisting of effective joint implementation of the agreement through shared visions, strategic planning and negotiated change. (Collective Bargaining Process, 2007) According to the website Industrial Relations Home Collective Bargaining Process the collective bargaining process comprise s of five core steps; in which are Prepare, Discuss, Propose, Bargain, and Settlement. The first process of preparing is getting your team together; the second step is discussing the grievances, common concerns and goals; the third step is proposing the methods on how to solve grievances, common concerns and goals; the fourth step is bargaining to reach an agreement that all parties can abide by; the final step is making a settlement on the terms of the contract. WORK CITED Budd, J. W. ( 2009 ). Labor Relations: Striking a Balance. New York: McGraw-Hill. MLBPA. (2014). History of the major league baseball players association. Retrieved from http://mlb.mlb.com/pa/info/history.jsp Kuriloff, A. (2011). NFL Files Unfair-Labor Practices Complaint Against Union in Contract Talks. Retrieved February 19, 2011, from Bloomberg: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-14/nfl-files-unfair-labor-practice-char

Thanksgiving Lesson Plan Acrostic Poem

Thanksgiving Lesson Plan Acrostic Poem Are you in need of a quick and easy Thanksgiving lesson plan to share with your students in the week before Thanksgiving? Consider practicing acrostic poetry with your students. Acrostic poetry is great for building vocabulary and exercising creativity.   An acrostic poem uses the letters in a word to begin each line of the poem. All of the lines of the poem relate to or somehow describe the main topic word. Here are a few quick tips to consider. Model the format of acrostic poems with your students. Work together to write a collective acrostic poem on the whiteboard. You can use the sample below.Give your students a Thanksgiving-related word so that they can write their own acrostic poem. Consider: gratitude, thank you, Thanksgiving, thankful, blessings, or grateful. Discuss the meaning of these words and the true meaning of the Thanksgiving holiday.Give your students time to write their acrostic poems. Circulate and offer guidance as needed. Offer help but do not give students any phrases or sentences; let them do that on their own.If you have time, allow the students to illustrate their poems. This project makes a great bulletin board display for November, especially if you do it early in the month! Your students can even give their gratitude poems to family members as a creative way of saying thank you for all they do. Sample Thanksgiving Acrostic Poem Here are a few samples of Thanksgiving acrostic poems. Sample number three is written for someone. Sample No. 1 G - Giving me tasty food to eatR - Reading to me before I go to bedA - Always working hard for our familyT - Treating me sweetlyI - I appreciate you!T - Tucking me into bed at nightU - Understanding me when Im upsetD - Doing the right thingsE - Excellent parents! Sample No. 2 T - urkey time (I love the white meat!)H - oping the weather will stay coolA - untie’s pumpkin pie is my favoriteN -   ine plates around the family dinner tableK - eeping family traditions aliveS - tuffing my tummy with my nanas super stuffingG - iving thanks for my family and friendsI - nviting our elderly neighbors over so they won’t be lonelyV   - egetables that I love are corn and beansI - think I am about to burst from all of the foodN - aps for the babies, grandparents, and all of us!G - ames and laughter throughout the day! Sample No. 3 T - Thank you for alwaysU - Understanding. Thank you for alwaysR - Remembering to beK - Kind, helpful, generous, nice, and respectful ofE - Each other. That is why I am so happy and thankful everyY - Year for everything that you do for me.

Free Essays on Oscar Schindler

Oscar Schindler: One man, many actions Of all the examples of injustice against humanity in history, the Jewish Holocaust has to be one of the most prominent. Sure the slave trade and slavery was extremely unfortunate for African Americans, as was the Nanjing Massacre for Chinese, but neither were nearly exterminated as were the Jews. In the period of 1933 to 1945, the Nazis waged a vicious war against Jews. This war came to a head with the â€Å"Final Solution † in 1938. One of the end results of the Final Solution was the horrible concentration and death camps of Germany, Poland, and other parts of Nazi controlled Europe. One can trace the beginnings of the Holocaust as far back as 1933, when Adolf Hitler, came to power. Hitler’s anti-Jew campaign began soon afterward, with the â€Å"Nuremberg Laws †. These laws forced segregation between Jews and the rest of the public. It was only a dim indication of what the future held for European Jews. Anti-Jewish aggression continued for years after the passing of these laws. One of these was the Aryanization of Jewish properties and businesses. Jews were progressively forced out of the economy of Germany, their assets turned over to the government and the German public. Other forms of degradation were pogroms . The first and most infamous of these pogroms was Krystallnacht, or â€Å"The Night of Broken Glass†. This pogrom was prompted by the assassination of German diplomat by a Jew. Two days later an act of retaliation was organized to attack Jews in Germany. On the night of November 9th and 10th, over 7,000 Jewish businesses were destroyed, 175 synagogues demolished, nearly a 100 Jews killed, and thousands more injured, all for the assassination of one official by a Jew (â€Å"Holocaust, the.† Microsoft Encarta ’96). In many ways this was the Tunstall 2 first act of violence to Jews made by the Nazis. However, their intentions were now clear. The Nazi’s plans... Free Essays on Oscar Schindler Free Essays on Oscar Schindler Oscar Schindler: One man, many actions Of all the examples of injustice against humanity in history, the Jewish Holocaust has to be one of the most prominent. Sure the slave trade and slavery was extremely unfortunate for African Americans, as was the Nanjing Massacre for Chinese, but neither were nearly exterminated as were the Jews. In the period of 1933 to 1945, the Nazis waged a vicious war against Jews. This war came to a head with the â€Å"Final Solution † in 1938. One of the end results of the Final Solution was the horrible concentration and death camps of Germany, Poland, and other parts of Nazi controlled Europe. One can trace the beginnings of the Holocaust as far back as 1933, when Adolf Hitler, came to power. Hitler’s anti-Jew campaign began soon afterward, with the â€Å"Nuremberg Laws †. These laws forced segregation between Jews and the rest of the public. It was only a dim indication of what the future held for European Jews. Anti-Jewish aggression continued for years after the passing of these laws. One of these was the Aryanization of Jewish properties and businesses. Jews were progressively forced out of the economy of Germany, their assets turned over to the government and the German public. Other forms of degradation were pogroms . The first and most infamous of these pogroms was Krystallnacht, or â€Å"The Night of Broken Glass†. This pogrom was prompted by the assassination of German diplomat by a Jew. Two days later an act of retaliation was organized to attack Jews in Germany. On the night of November 9th and 10th, over 7,000 Jewish businesses were destroyed, 175 synagogues demolished, nearly a 100 Jews killed, and thousands more injured, all for the assassination of one official by a Jew (â€Å"Holocaust, the.† Microsoft Encarta ’96). In many ways this was the Tunstall 2 first act of violence to Jews made by the Nazis. However, their intentions were now clear. The Nazi’s plans...

Women's health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women's health - Essay Example In the study undertaken my Moss et al. the main focus is one of the types of STD which is herpes simplex. The empirical data had been gathered on the aim to determine the possible predictors of the herpes simplex virus type 2. The population in focused is composed of the young women that are at risk of being pregnant. The said risk can be considered as the main reason for the differences in the gender on the basis of the fact that the said disease has a possibility of being transferred to the baby (Moss et al. 113). The data had been gathered through secondary reproductive health records of women included in the age 15 to 24 years from 2 selected clinics in San Francisco. The baseline information is primarily gathered along with the sexual history through an interview. The preliminary HSV-2 testing then follows which is undertaken through fingerstick blood test. Both the pregnant women and the women that are at risk of pregnancy are included and monitored. In cases of pregnancy, the development of the HSV-2 had been observed while in the women that are at risk of pregnancy are divided at the end by those who became pregnant and those who had been able to be protected by contraception such as condom (Moss et al. 113). The results showed that the HSV-2 seroincidence and the unintended pregnancy are of relatively high risk. For that matter, the said study had been considered as one of the important evidence of the need for contraception and STD prevention (Moss et al. 113). Basically, herpes simplex is one of the types of STD that is commonly occurring but can be ignored by the public due to the fact that HIV/AIDS are considered more dangerous. It is important to note that the fact that it can risk both the mother and the baby during pregnancy can be considered as an important reason to give enough attention in the prevention and elimination of such cases.

Michael Jackson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Michael Jackson - Essay Example The last section forms concluding response to this problem. The method used is particularized examination of the literature together with the critical summarizing and personal inferences on the topic. Michael Joseph Jackson was also known as a King of Pop or the Icon of the Pop Music. This was considered to be an outstanding personality in the dimension of music in general and pop in particular. Strange stories together with personal and materialistic difficulties always occurred in his way. What was more, health problems with a constant pain remained to be a part of his life. A huge amount of hurdles chased him during his life; still, people always expressed admire and appreciation to Michael. He was a favourite for millions of people and idol for the entire world. Michael Jackson was born on August 29, 1958 in the common family of American workers (Borsboom, 2011, p.7). He was a black boy and a sevenths child in the family with strong rules and regulations. He always liked to perform since the early ages and tried to do it if some opportunities took place (Borsboom, 2011, p.11). At the age of 5 he started to perform at â€Å"a Christmas recital† in front of his classmates (Borsboom, 2011, p.11). This was a first try in his career as a singer and dancer. In 1964 Michael together with his brother Marlon joined the Jackson Brothers, and in a few years he started singing lead with his brother Jermaine in this band (Borsboom, 2011, p.11). His first serious performance on the professional scene was realized in 1968 when Michael appeared as a member of band that was called The Jackson 5 (Borsboom, 2011, p.11). That was an important step in his career as a vocalist and pop-singer, as it gave him the first serious experience and first essential lessons. It should be admitted that The Jackson 5 experienced a great fame in teenage people what was remained to be unusual in for African-American band (Borsboom, 2011, p.11). With

Customized - (Will be sent in an e-mail as an attachment) Essay

Customized - (Will be sent in an e-mail as an attachment) - Essay Example In Roper v. Simmons, a seventeen year old by the name of Simmons confessed that he plotted the murder and burglary of an older woman. This case placed the question before the Courts as to whether or not a person younger than eighteen years old should be punished with the death penalty when convicted of crimes that would typically mandated capital punishment. The seventeen year old was originally sentenced to death for his crimes. This decision was later overturned by the Missouri Supreme Court and the defendant’s sentence was converted to life imprisonment. The Missouri Supreme Court stated that although there were cases that illustrated that there was a precedent set that allowed for capital punishment for those persons under the age of eighteen, that a ‘national consensus has developed against the execution of juvenile offenders’(2005). This case has since been heard by the United States Supreme Courts. Judicial activism and restraint are concepts that can be re adily viewed in the Roper v. Simmons case when it was decided by the Supreme Court in March 2005. The majority opinion addressed both the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments when considering the affirmation of the Missouri Supreme Court decision. The Eighth Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment against those in the United States. The Fourteenth Amendment allows all citizens, even those that have committed heinous crimes, equal protection of the laws. Per the court’s opinion, neither the Eighth nor the Fourteenth Amendment disallows the use of the death penalty for either persons that are under the age of eighteen or that are deemed mentally retarded. The Court’s majority states that twenty-two of thirty-seven death penalty states permit the death penalty for the offenders that are sixteen years old. The same thirty-seven states permitted the death penalty for

Acquisition Strategy Essay Example for Free

Acquisition Strategy Essay In today’s market it is very important for company’s to remain competive in order to maintain an edge over its competitors. The days that a company can rely on its reputation to continue making profits are gone. Today, everyone is looking to save money by buying less expensive items like economy brands, considering that the diffrences between the two products are similar and the features that are not offered are of little value. This will make a consumer buy the less expensive item. Like consumers, companies are also looking to save money and maximize profit. One way of doing this is through acquisition strategies. Combining the operations of two companies is a very good option for companies that are looking to stregnthening the company’s competincies and competitiveness, this will ultimately open new market opportunities (Gamble/Thompson, p. 119). The benefit of this type of strategy, unlike alliances, they do not go far enough for the resources needed and a very important factor, ownership. In the following paragraphs, I will give two examples of two different companies in different industries and explain how they will stregnthen their market position through acquisiton, to include resources and competive capabilities. The first example I will use it Wells Fargo Co. results from the acquisition of Wachovia Corporation. During the economic crisis Wells Fargo Co. acquired Wachovia Corp in a bail out to keep the bank from going under. At one point Wachovia was Wells Fargo’s competitor. After the acquisiton it made Wells Fargo a banking giant absorbing its competion. Earnings from that acquisition have earned Wells Fargo Financial Co. a 21% earnings since the acquistion, reporting record profits. This acquistion has allowed them to gain market share, this was mostly created by winning new customers. Mortgage loans was the top earner and low rates and prices of homes falling to record lows has allowed the company to grow even in these tough economic times. Additionally, the acquisition of Wacovia Corp. moves Wells Fargo as the second largest bank, second only to Bank of America. The strategy has allowed them to acquire a larger share of the financial market. The second company I will discuss is DuPont Nutrition Health and Applied BioSciences acquisition of Danisco Corp. Once a long time partner of DuPont, is a very good and proven company, is a good fit because of their proven market science business and offers clear synergy for them. The acquisition will make them the clear leader in industrial biotechnology with inovations in global challenges in food production and fossil fuel. This effort will position the company ahead of all rivals addressing dramatic growth in human population in the years to come. Danisco is well established company that has research and application capabilities. This will create a more cost efficient operation of the combined companies. The applications do not need to be duplicated, meaning their buying power will increase, administrative functions do not need to be replicated, and will further create more cost savings by downsizing. This acquisition will also allow them to enter new product categories, for example 65% of Danisco’s revenue comes from specialty foods, product substitution items such as sweetners and enablers. This will allow them to enter renewable materials and addressing food needs. In conclusion, I have discussed Wells Fargo Co. , and how their acquisition of Wachovia Corp has allowed the company to gain a larger geographic coverage has helped it create a more cost efficient operation by allowing to cut overhead costs by elliminating duplicate processes. Second, DuPont Nutrition Health and Applied BioSciences acquisition of Danisco Corporation has allowed DuPont has made them the clear leader in industrial biotechnology with inovations in global challenges in food production and fossil fuel.

Shakespeares Portrayal Of Women English Literature Essay

Shakespeares Portrayal Of Women English Literature Essay Shakespeares female characters are represented across a variety of social classes. In this essay I will explore how Shakespeare portrays women in A Midsummer Nights Dream inclusive of several female characters in this play. This allows us to examine in depth, to a very limited extent, how they were treated in society and the stereotypical roles Elizabethan society imposed upon them. I will be examining specifically the characters and portrayal of Hippolyta, Helena and Hermia and how they defy the stereotypical notion of how women were treated by men. Firstly, the most obvious aspect regarding Shakespeares portrayal of women in this play is that the female gender is commodified. Throughout the play, women are treated like objects to be sold or traded. With reference to the background of the characters Theseus and Hippolyta, Greek mythology states that when Theseus, the Duke of Athens, sailed to the land of the Amazon, the Amazons offered Theseus gifts of peace. However, Theseus kidnapped Hippolyta, the queen of the Amazonians, and forcefully made her his wife.  [1]  This resulted in the war between the Athenians and the Amazons. Theseuss action of claiming Hippolyta as a prize and a wife might show that he treats them as objects rather than human beings.  [2]  This idea is reinforced when Theseus says Hippolyta, I wooed thee with my sword, and won thy love doing thee injuries (I.i.16-17). This statement refers to how Theseus won the battle with the Amazons and in conquering the Amazons; he has conquered their queen, Hippol yta, both physically and emotionally. Hippolytas lines in this play are of relatively insignificant amount and value as compared to Theseuss. For example, in the first Act, Hippolyta only comforts Theseus by saying that Four days will quickly steep themselves in night; Four nights will quickly dream away the time (I.i.7-8) and they will have the marriage ceremony soon. In addition, Theseus appears to be making the decisions regarding everything, ranging from their marriage to Hermias marriage. This is significant as it shows that Hippolyta is subservient to Theseus as she has little say in these state events despite being seated next to Theseus. In addition, Hippolytas silence could possibly show how she is unhappy about being forced into a marriage with Theseus  [3]  as shown in the 1970s BBC production of A Midsummer Nights Dream. Hippolytas silence could also be seen as a rejection of male dominance.  [4]  However, it is also significant that Hippolyta gets is given more of a voice in the last scene after bein g married and this will be explored later. Another relationship that suggests the marginalizing of women is seen again between Egeus and Hermia. Egeus, Hermias father, has made up his mind to marry Hermia to Demetrius but Hermia refuses to do so. Egeus then brings up this complaint to Theseus, hoping Theseus is able to help him. In doing so, Egeus is shown to regard Hermia as a commodity. Egeus says that Hermia has turned her obedience, which is due to me (I.i.37) and that since she is mine, I may dispose of her (I.i.42). These 2 lines show Egeus treating Hermia as mere property  [5]  because he made her and hence Hermia ought to listen to her fathers instructions. This idea is also proven by some parents in the early 17th century such as Sir Edward Coke who whipped his daughter into marriage with a mentally unsound man.  [6]   Moreover, Theseus becomes the personification of the law in Athens as he tells Hermia to either to die the death, or to abjure for ever the society of men (I.i.65-66). According to the ancient privilege of Athens (I.i.41) a womans father has the right to decide who she should marry and she has no say in his decision. If the woman goes against the wishes of her father, she can either be put to death or to stay a virgin forever by becoming a nun. The number of different options given by both Theseus and Egeus only goes to support the fact that Renaissance women were constrained in the verbal medium and that silence was the virtue most stringently required from Renaissance women.  [7]   However, it is also through these three women that we see the female gender defying the societys treatment of women then. Hippolyta, Helena and Hermia go against the grain in their unique ways and show that despite the limitations and laws that society imposes upon them, they are able to assert themselves and show society that they have the potential to be as capable as men. Critics have said that Shakespeares portrayal of women in this manner could possibly be his own stand on how women should be treated equally as men but since he belongs to the Elizabethan era, it is still difficult to garner Shakespeares precise views on feminism and its issues solely based A Midsummer Nights Dream and even if we could, it is still problematic to judge his 16th 17th century mindset based on the definitions and criteria of twentieth century feminism.  [8]  In addition, Shakespeare is based in the Elizabethan era yet he writes about the lives and attitudes of the ancient Greeks. This suggests that interpreting Shakespeares mindset from his works is only reliable to a small extent. Hence, his representation of women only serves as an understanding to how he was unorthodox in the gender assumptions of his era. One extremely effective method of showing that women should assert having their opinions and rights recognized by men is to have the characters in A Midsummer Nights Dream either engage in a power struggle or a role reversal. The very first power struggle shown in the play exists between Egeus/Theseus and Hermia. In Act 1 Scene 1, Hermia openly defies Egeuss wishes for her to marry Demetrius instead of Lysander. Through Egeuss eyes, Hermia is seen to have a stubborn harshness (I.i.38) and she will not consent to marry with Demetrius (I.i.40). She defies Egeus despite knowing that ancient tradition grants the father power to marry his daughter off whoever he wishes to. Nonetheless, she even conspires with Lysander and agrees to his plan of leaving Athens to Lysanders widow aunt whose house is remote seven leagues (I.i. 159) and out of reach of the sharp Athenian law (I.i.162). While running away might seem like a nuanced and subtle form of defiance, it is still an affirmation of Hermi as rights and freedom as a woman to choose who she marries. In the same scene, she defies Theseus in both her tone and her language. For example, when Theseus tries to persuade Hermia to marry Demetrius by saying that Demetrius is a worthy gentleman (I.i.52) Hermia asserts, So is Lysander (I.i.53). In addition, when Theseus tells Hermia that she faces either a nunnery or death, she replies that My soul consents not to give sovereignty (I.i.82) and she would rather be a nun than having to marry Demetrius. In Hermias case, the act of women asserting themselves is almost unheard of as Shakespeare lived in a patriarchal culture in which authority and privilege is particularly invested in the hands of the patriarch of a family. This shows that women were subordinate to men.  [9]   The most obvious example of gender reversal is between Demetrius and Helena. In Act 2 Scene 1, Helena reminds the audience about this role reversal by saying, We cannot fight for love, as men may do; we should be wooed, and were not made to woo (II.i.241-242). This line refers to how, in this situation, Helena is playing the role of the male chasing after the female (Demetrius) through the woods and persuading Demetrius to love her. Although I acknowledge that Helena is forced to woo Demetrius due to her situation of unrequited love, it is not proper for a woman to behave in this manner in Ancient Greece. This role reversal between Helena and Demetrius suggests that in Ancient Greece, women were generalized as insensible and unable to make proper judgments and hence needed a male guardian.  [10]  By getting Helena to play the role of men, Shakespeare creates comic relief as the audience sees it as ridiculous and absurdly funny. In addition, some members of the audience may feel sympathetic for Helena instead. Inducing sympathy and challenging the audiences perception of women could have been Shakespeares intentions to promote equal treatment regardless of gender. Nonetheless, this seemingly comic situation still holds true to this day as we, to a small extent, still stereotype women as human beings to be wooed by men despite various organizations pushing for female equality. This may be due to our genetic makeup as human beings or cultural influences about women but we do not exactly know. The final instance of a power struggle between the genders occurs between Theseus and Hippolyta. In Act 5 Scene 1, Hippolyta voices out that she disagrees with Theseus on the events that happened to the lovers the previous night. While Theseus says that he may never believe these antique fables (V.i.2-3), Hippolyta disagrees and says that it must have been true because all their minds transfigured together (V.i.24) and it was more witnesseth than fancys images (V.i.25). Hippolytas verbal answer can be seen in two ways. Firstly, Michael Boyd, a stage director implied that Hippolyta has accepted Theseus as she gives her husband a kiss. This suggests that Hippolyta is simply discussing the whole issue about the lovers with Theseus. The darker way of looking at this is that Hippolyta is involved in struggles for power in a patriarchal society.  [11]  In doing so, Hippolyta empowers the female gender by going against how women were supposed to be submissive and agreeable to their husb ands. In conclusion, I hope this essay demonstrates Shakespeares several conscious and subconscious feminist intentions, through A Midsummer Nights Dream, in his portrayal of women as opposition to the supposed virtues of marriage.  [12]  More importantly, this paper would have suggested that A Midsummer Nights Dream may be interpreted to imply Shakespeare being a proto-feminist who understood and sympathized women who were treated unfairly.