LITERATURE REVIEW CHAPTER OF MY PROJECT (research proposal on the Essay

LITERATURE REVIEW CHAPTER OF MY PROJECT (research proposal on the difficulties single fathers face raising a child in lonodon - Essay Example 15) maintains that there are a number of reasons for the perpetuation of the difficulties single father face. To start with, societal perceptions of single fathers contribute to insufficient and quite often no public or private support for single fathers. Additionally, the UK National Statistics (2011) report that single fathers are more likely to be working parents compared to single mothers. According to a 2001 UK National Statistics released in February 2011, just over 62 per cent of single fathers compared to just over 47 per cent of single mothers. This chapter explores the literature relative to the status and treatment of single fathers in the UK generally, but with particular focus on single fathers in London. The purpose of this chapter is to establish a conceptual framework for demonstrating that single fathers in London face a number of difficulties as a result of both societal and government treatment and perceptions of single fathers and fathers generally. This chapter w ill also explore the possibility that fathers are already disadvantaged by the fact that they are typically working fathers, obviating a greater need for support. I. Public Perceptions of Fatherhood Public perceptions of fatherhood are generally reflected in expectations and experiences within the family structure and based on public policies and legislation. There is a paucity of empirical research in public perceptions of fatherhood. Much of the literature is comprised of historical developments, legal developments, and policy decisions. For the most part, public perceptions of fatherhood are deduced from expectations within the family as expressed in the social sciences and by the law and policy makers as primarily expressed in the law. Daly (1993, p. 511) conducted a study involving 32 fathers of children under the age of 6 and reports that one of the greatest barriers to successful single fatherhood is public perceptions of the role of the father. Daly’s (1993, p. 511) s urvey of the subject fathers discovered that these fathers of the young children were informed of their roles by pervious experiences with their own fathers. According to Dowd (2002, p. 5) theorizes that public perceptions of fatherhood are embedded in the law’s perpetuation of the father as a biological and economic figure, which essentially denies that the father is a nurturing parent. Di Torella (2007, p. 319) substantiates Dwod’s theory by pointing out that although the Work and Family Act 2006 seeks to reinvent the role of the father, it is primarily geared toward accommodating the working mother, rather than the working father and therefore continues to perpetuate the public perception that the father is the financial rather than substantive parent. The legal treatment of the father is explored in greater detail below in Section III below. For present purposes, suffice it to state that according to Dowd (2002, p. 5) the legal representation of the father stems fr om the traditional and historical representation of the father as a property owner and source of financial support for the child. It is hardly surprising that public perceptions of fatherhood tend to undermine the significance of the father in the child’s development and growth. Vincent and Ball (2006, p. 90) inform that based on their interpretation of legal and public treatment of the father, both â€Å"popular and policy discourses on fathers are not flattering†

Business environment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Business environment - Assignment Example Meaning of Perfect Competition 20 b)ii. Perfect Competition in the UK Fast Food Industry 21 c)i. Three Regulatory Mechanisms Currently in Force in the UK Fast Food Industry 22 c)ii. Compliance of Regulations by McDonald’s 23 Task 4 25 a)Role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Globalisation 25 b)Advantages and Disadvantages of Price Intervention in the EU Agricultural Sector 26 c)Benefits and Disadvantages Gained By UK Businesses from Entry into the European Monetary Union 28 References 30 Task 1 a) i. Mission of Starbucks Starbucks is recognised as one of the most famous coffee manufacturing and marketing companies. The company was established in 1971 and till date it continues with a broad distribution of channel of 1600 shops in almost 50 countries. The company has also been recognised for its significant consideration to the quality maintenance in serving its customers, partners and the community at large (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2010). In order to maintain its focus o n the quality aspect along with the overall organisational development, the company considers a mission statement. This mission statement tends to direct the organisational strategies and the strategic objectives of the company as well. The mission statement developed by the company depicts its concern regarding the quality of the products’ served with due consideration to its partners’ interest and the requirements of its targeted customers. The company also concentrates on the aspect of customer satisfaction in terms of efficient services through its retail outlets and restaurants. One of the most significant aspects of the mission statement considered by Starbucks is its concern regarding the environment. It is worth mentioning that the mission statement of the company reflects that Starbucks implement environment friendly strategies in its supply chain management to a significant level (Starbucks Corporation, 2011). a) ii. Practical Objectives of Starbucks Consider ing the defined mission statement, Starbucks has determined its objectives for the current fiscal year 2011-2012 as follows. To attain a profitable growth in the international industry To emerge as a leader in the single-cup coffee product segment To expand its customer base and its market share globally To accelerate the growth in the retail segment of the company in the US To attain stimulated growth in the Chinese market To be more focussed on the partners interest To repay the community through efficient service (Starbucks Corporation, 2010) It can be apparently witnessed from the above description of Starbucks’ mission and objectives that a rational link exists between the organisational objectives and its mission. b) i. Comprehensive Stakeholder Map Stakeholders have emerged to be one of the significant facets of the modern day phenomenon of business management. Stakeholders are often defined as â€Å"persons, groups, neighbourhoods, organizations, institutions, societ ies, and even the natural environment are generally thought to qualify as actual or potential stakeholders† (Mitchel & Et. Al., 1997). Based on this definition, the stakeholders of Starbucks can be identified as follows: Employees Business Partners Customers Suppliers Shareholders Community members (Starbucks Corpor